The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
Yet, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to take a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the final seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.